ABSTRACT
Rosewood, Aniba rosaeodora is an endangered species in Amazon forests and its natural stands have been heavily depleted due to over-exploitation for the cosmetic industry. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and population structure of 90 rosewood accessions from eight localities in the Peruvian Amazon through 11 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers. The ISSR primers produced a sum of 378 bands, of which 375 (99.2%) were polymorphic, with an average polymorphism information content (PIC) value of 0.774. The mean effective number of alleles (Ne), Shannon informative index (I), gene diversity (He) and total gene diversity (Ht) were 1.485, 0.294, 0.453 and 0.252, respectively. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed the presence of maximum variability within populations (88%). The Structure algorithm, neighbor joining and principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) grouped the 90 rosewood accessions into three main populations (A, B and C). Diversity indices at the inter-population level revealed a greater genetic diversity in population A, due to higher gene flow. The neighbor-joining analysis grouped populations A and B, while population C was found to be divergent at the inter population level. We concluded that population A reflects higher genetic diversity and should be prioritized for future management and conservation plans. (AU)
Subject(s)
Genetic Variation , Endangered Species , Gene FlowABSTRACT
Obstetric cholestasis is a liver disease specific to pregnancy characterised by pruritus affecting the whole body but particularly the palms and soles and abnormal liver function tests. Objective of this cross sectional study was to evaluate obstetric cholestasis as a potential risk factor for adverse neonatal outcome. The study was conducted at Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Unit 'B', Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad from April 1, 2007 to March 31, 2008. All patients presenting with obstetric cholestasis irrespective of their age and parity were included in the study. Patients presenting with other causes of pruritus during pregnancy like Hepatitis [A, B, C], eczema, pruritus gravidarum and herpes gestationes were excluded from the study. Patients with liver involvement due to pre-eclampsia were also excluded. Baseline investigations, liver chemistries, viral screening, liver autoimmune screen, liver and obstetrical ultrasound were all done before the diagnosis was confirmed. Patients were treated symptomatically. Neonatal outcome was calculated in terms of increased incidence of passage of meconium, preterm delivery and foetal distress requiring delivery by Caesarean-Section. Thirty patients were selected. Babies of 10 patients did well after delivery, 8 required NICU care within first 24 hours of birth and rest were delivered with low APGAR score. Two babies were delivered stillborn. Pruritus is quite common in pregnancy with obstetric cholestasis being one of them and earlier detection of the disease allows better identification of foetuses at risk